Unfortunately, industrial-strength power- and signal-integrity analysis tools can be intimidating and complicated to use, and they can require enormous amounts of processing power to solve the complex equations involved. It is becoming rare for a design team to be successful with a leading-edge PCB without state-of-the art SI and PI simulation and analysis. New protocols and standards for high-speed interfaces like DDR4, multi-gigabit Ethernet, and PCI Express put even more strain on the design, and continually increasing operating speeds combined with decreased voltages up the ante yet again. And, with the compression and perforation of power planes, we can’t take power integrity (PI) for granted either. With the pervasiveness of high-speed serial interfaces and other signals that put a premium on signal integrity (SI), most board designs can’t get away with simple-minded placement and routing anymore. These days, the metal on your PCB has to do a lot more than just connect a few dots.
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